Types Of Mesothelioma

Testicular Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that is diagnosed in just two to three thousand Americans each year. Testicular mesothelioma, in particular, is the rarest form of the disease - to date, less than one hundred cases of this type have been reported.
Testicular mesothelioma develops in the tunica vaginalis. This is a membranous lining that surrounds the testicle, providing protection and support for the organ. This membrane is composed of mesothelial cells, which are present in most of the body's membranous linings. The tunica vaginalis is made up of two layers, known as the parietal (outer) and visceral (inner) layers.

How does Asbestos cause Testicular Mesothelioma

Because testicular mesothelioma is extremely rare, very little is known about how it develops. Most researchers theorize that there are two possible points of origin for testicular mesothelioma. In some cases, patients with testicular mesothelioma have primary tumors in the peritoneal membrane, and develop secondary tumors in one or both testicles. In other cases, patients have developed primary tumors in the testicle.
In cases where testicular cancer develops as a secondary tumor, most believe the peritoneal mesothelioma metastasizes and spreads to other areas of the body. However, there is no current theory to explain why exposure to asbestos might cause a primary tumor to develop in the testicles.
Once cells have become cancerous, they are no longer able to regulate their own cycles of growth and division. A primary tumor that develops in the testicle is formed from cancerous cells that divide without restraint, causing thickening of the tunica vaginalis, and eventually forming tumors.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Due to the rarity of testicular mesothelioma, there is no recognized set of symptoms for this form of cancer. In the majority of the few reported cases of the disease, noticeable symptoms have been confined to the appearance of testicular lumps.
Testicular mesothelioma is not usually diagnosed until these lumps appear. In some cases, testicular mesothelioma has been detected when a patient undergoes surgery for another reason (such as hernia repair). In these cases, a sample of tissue may be removed, or biopsied, for diagnostic purposes, or the entire tumor may be removed, if it is possible to do so.

Treatment

Treatment for testicular mesothelioma typically involves removal of a portion of one testicle, or even an entire testicle if necessary, depending on the extent of the cancer. Treatment may be followed up by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells.
However, because testicular mesothelioma is often a secondary tumor, and the primary tumor is located within the peritoneum, treatment may not be as simple as removing testicular tumors. In these cases, the primary tumors must be treated, too.
It should be noted that both peritoneal and testicular mesothelioma are classified as being clinically aggressive types of cancer. This means they can spread rapidly and invasively. In addition, testicular mesothelioma tends to recur within a few years, even in cases where tumors are surgically removed. All of these factors make prognosis for those with testicular mesothelioma quite grim.